دو فصلنامه علمی جامعه شناسی آموزش و پرورش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کمی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه روانشناسی مشاوره و تربیتی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی مشاوره و تربیتی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه روانشناسی مشاوره و تربیتی ، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، ایران.

10.22034/ijes.2023.2000172.1397

چکیده

هدف: یکی از مهم‌ترین ابعاد تفکر، تفکر علمی است که می‌تواند نقش موثری در بهبود وضعیت‌های تحصیلی دانش‌آموزان داشته باشد. بنابراین، هدف این مطالعه هنجاریابی و اعتبارسنجی ابزار سنجش تفکر علمی در دانش‌آموزان ایرانی بود.
روش: این مطالعه از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی بود. جامعه پژوهش همه دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه شهر مشهد در سال تحصیلی 400-1399 بودند. حجم نمونه بر اساس فرمول کوکران و با 10 درصد ریزش 648 نفر محاسبه که این تعداد با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه تفکر علمی Liang et al (2006) بود و داده‌های حاصل از آن با روش تحلیل عاملی تاییدی در نرم‌افزار SPSS 26 تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که از میان 24 آیتم پرسشنامه تفکر علمی، شاخص روایی محتوایی همه آیتم‌ها به دلیل بالاتر از 70/0 تایید و فقط نسبت روایی محتوایی 4 آیتم به دلیل پایین‌تر از 50/0 نامناسب بود که این آیتم‌ها مورد بازبینی و اصلاح قرار گرفتند. همچنین، پرسشنامه تفکر علمی دارای 24 گویه در 6 مولفه استفاده از روش‌های علمی، استفاده از نظریه‌ها و قوانین علمی، بسترهای اجتماعی و فرهنگ، خلاقیت و تصویرسازی، مشاهده و استنباط و ممارست بود؛ به‌طوری که بار عاملی همه آیتم‌ها بالاتر از 60/0، میانگین واریانس استخراج‌شده همه مولفه‌ها بالاتر از 50/0 و پایایی کرونباخ و ترکیبی همه مولفه‌ها بالاتر از 70/0 قرار داشت. علاوه بر آن، پایایی کل پرسشنامه تفکر علمی با روش آلفای کرونباخ 86/0 و با روش ترکیبی 93/0 به‌دست آمد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که ابزار سنجش تفکر علمی در دانش‌آموزان دارای اعتبار مناسبی می‌باشد و متخصصان و برنامه‌ریزان آموزشی می‌توانند از این ابزار برای اندازه‌گیری سطح تفکر علمی دانش‌آموزان استفاده و بر اساس مولفه‌های آن برنامه‌هایی برای بهبود و ارتقای تفکر علمی طراحی و اجرا نمایند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Normalization and Validation a Tool for Measuring Scientific Thinking in Iranian Students

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Ghalenovy 1
  • Seyed Amir Amin Yazdi 2
  • Hossein Karsheki 3
  • Maryam Bordbar 4

1 PhD student, Department of Educational Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

2 Professor, Department of Counseling and Educational Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

4 Assistant Professor, Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Purpose: One of the most important dimensions of thinking is scientific thinking, which can play an effective role in improving the academic conditions of students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was normalization and validation a tool for measuring scientific thinking in Iranian students.
Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from survey type. The research population was all high school students in Mashhad city in the 2020-21 academic years. The sample size based on Cochran's formula and with 10% attrition was calculated 648 people, which this number were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tool was a Liang et al scientific thinking questionnaire (2006), and the resulting data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS 26 software.
Findings: The findings showed that among the 24 items of the scientific thinking questionnaire, the content validity index of all items was approved because it was higher than 0.70, and only the content validity ratio of 4 items was inappropriate because it was lower than 0.50, and these items were revised and modified. Also, the scientific thinking questionnaire had 24 items in 6 components of using from scientific methods, using from scientific theories and laws, social contexts and culture, creativity and visualization, observation and inference, and practice; So that the factor load of all items was higher than 0.60, the average extracted variance of all components was higher than 0.50, and the Cronbach and combined reliability of all components was higher than 0.70. In addition, the reliability of the total scientific thinking questionnaire was obtained with the Cronbach's alpha method 0.86 and with the combined method 0.93.
Conclusion: The results showed that the a tool for measuring scientific thinking in students has a good validity and experts and educational planners can use this tool to measure the level of scientific thinking of students and based on its components design and implement programs to improve and promote scientific thinking.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Scientific Thinking
  • Students
  • Using from Scientific Methods
  • Social Contexts and Culture
  • Creativity and Visualization
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