دو فصلنامه علمی جامعه شناسی آموزش و پرورش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کمی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد آزادشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آزادشهر، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد آزادشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آزادشهر، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد آزادشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، آزادشهر، ایران.

10.22034/ijes.2023.710474

چکیده

هدف: برنامه‌درسی در هر کشوری محور فعالیت‌های آموزشی و پرورشی است و با توجه به تفاوت‌های موجود در برنامه‌درسی، هدف این مطالعه مقایسه فرآیند آموزش، یادگیری و ارزشیابی در برنامه‌درسی ملی ایران با نظریه‌های برنامه‌درسی بود.
روش: این مطالعه از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه اجرا مقایسه‌ای بود. در این مطالعه، جامعه پژوهش همه اسناد برنامه‌درسی و نظریه‌های مرتبط در این زمینه بود که نمونه آن، سند برنامه‌درسی ملی ایران و نقدهای صورت‌گرفته در این زمینه و خبرگان نظریه‌های برنامه‌درسی بودند که آنها از نظر فرآیند آموزش، یادگیری و ارزشیابی مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. داده‌های یادداشت‌برداری‌شده از سند و نقدها و مصاحبه با خبرگان درباره نحوه فرآیند آموزش، یادگیری و ارزشیابی در برنامه‌درسی ملی ایران با نظریه‌های برنامه‌درسی با هم مورد مقایسه قرار گرفتند. در این مطالعه، روایی با روش مثلث‌سازی تایید و پایایی با روش ضریب کاپای کوهن 8/61 درصد به‌دست آمد.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که برنامه‌درسی ملی ایران ضمن تفاوت‌هایی با نظریه‌های برنامه‌درسی از نظر فرآیند آموزش، آموزش را زمینه‌ساز برای ابراز گرایش‌های فطری، شناخت موفقیت یادگیرنده و اصلاح مداوم آن و تحت تاثیر قراردادن دیدگاه دانش‌آموزان در ارتباط با خود، خدا، دیگران و مخلوقات، از نظر فرآیند یادگیری، یادگیری را حاصل تعامل خلاق، هدفمند، یادگیرنده فعال و محیط متنوع و از نظر فرآیند ارزشیابی، ارزشیابی را تصویری روشن و همه‌جانبه از موقعیت کنونی، مشخص‌کننده فاصله دانش‌آموز با موقعیت‌های بعدی و اصلاح آن، متناسب با ظرفیت‌ها و نیازهای دانش‌آموز، زمینه‌ساز انتخاب‌گری و خودمدیریتی، زمینه‌ساز رشد مداوم دانش‌آموز با تاکید بر خودارزیابی، بهره‌گیری از سایر روش‌های ارزشیابی، بهبود موقعیت دانش‌آموز و توجه به کاستی‌های یادگیری ضمن حفظ کرامت انسانی به‌عنوان فرصتی برای اصلاح و بهبود نظام آموزشی می‌داند.
نتیجه‌گیری: برنامه‌درسی ملی ایران ضمن توجه به ویژگی‌های نظریه‌های برنامه‌درسی باید مجدد بر پایه نظام اجتماعی و فرهنگی کشور و در راستای تحقق آرمان اصلی یعنی قرب الهی و حیات طیبه طراحی شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparing the Process of Training, Learning and Evaluating in the Iran's National Curriculum with Curriculum Theories

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahvash Tofan 1
  • Hossein Fakoori 2
  • Aliasghar Bayani 3
  • Hassan Saemi 2

1 PhD student, Department of Educational Sciences, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran.

3 Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Azadshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Azadshahr, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Purpose: Curriculum in any country is the center of educational activities, and considering the differences in the curriculum, the purpose of this study was comparing the process of training, learning and evaluating in the Iran's national curriculum with curriculum theories.
Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of execution method was comparative. In this study, the research population was all curriculum documents and related theories in this field, which its example was Iran's national curriculum document and the made criticisms in this field and curriculum theories experts, which they were compared in terms of the process of training, learning and evaluating. The recorded data from document and criticisms and interviews with experts about the process of training, learning and evaluating were compared in the Iran's national curriculum with curriculum theories. In this study, validity was confirmed by triangulation method and reliability was obtained by Cohen's kappa coefficient method 61.8 percent.
Findings: The findings showed that the Iran's national curriculum in addition to differences with curriculum theories in terms of the training process, considers training as a basis for innate tendencies expressing, recognizing the success of the learner and continuously improving it and influencing the students' perspective in relation to themselves, God, others and creatures, in terms of the learning process, considers learning as a result of creative interaction, purposeful, active learner and diverse environment, and in terms of the evaluating process, considers evaluating as a clear and comprehensive picture of the current situation, specifying the student's distance with the next situations and its modification, according to the student's capacities and needs, basic for selectivity and self-management, basic for student's continuous growth with an emphasis on self-evaluating, use of other evaluating methods, improvement of the student's position and attention to learning deficiencies while maintaining human dignity as an opportunity to reform and improve the educational system.
Conclusion: The Iran's national curriculum while paying attention to the characteristics of curriculum theories, should be re-designed on the basis of the country's social and cultural system and in line with the realization of the main ideal, that is closeness to God and a virtuous life

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Training Process
  • Learning Process
  • Evaluating Process
  • National Curriculum
  • Curriculum Theories
Abdul Wahab N, Mustapha R. (2015). Reflections on pedagogical and curriculum implementation at Orang Asli schools in Pahang. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172: 442-448. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.376
Akbari Ghoortani D, Baratali M, Davazadeh Emami H. (2023). Designing and validating interactive arts curriculum model based on Klein's elements. Quarterly Journal of Educational Leadership & Administration, 17(1): 276-296. (In Persian)
Alkhulaifat D, Rafful P, Khalkhali V, Welsh M, Sotardi ST. (2023). Implications of pediatric artificial intelligence challenges for artificial intelligence education and curriculum development. Journal of the American College of Radiology, 20(8): 724-729. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.04.013
Altun SA, Buyukozturk S. (2014). How elementary school principals’ change tendencies are related with their opinion about curriculum change. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141: 533-537. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.05.092
Barghi R, Zakaria Z, Hamzah A, Hashim NH. (2017). Heritage education in the primary school standard curriculum of Malaysia. Teaching and Teacher Education, 61: 124-131. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2016.10.012
Bostan CG. (2015). Inter- and transdisciplinary issues present in the school curriculum. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180: 489-496. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.149
Capuk S. (2015). ICT integration models into middle and high school curriculum in the USA. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191: 1218-1224. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.409
Coll Ramis MA. (2021). Tourism education in Spain's secondary schools: The curriculums' perspective. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29: 100292. doi: 10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100292
Eid-Heberle K, Burt S. (2023). Disaster education in the nursing curriculum: Embracing the past, learning from the present, preparing for the future. Journal of Radiology Nursing, 42(2): 155-161. doi: 10.1016/j.jradnu.2022.10.005
Goh R, Fang Y. (2022). A tale of two schools: curriculum deliberation and school-level orientation in transforming knowledge through lesson study. International Journal for Lesson and Learning Studies, 12(2): 166-178. doi: 10.1108/IJLLS-02-2022-0026
Kashou AH, Noseworthy PA, Beckman TJ, Anavekar NS, Cullen MW, Angstman KB, et al. (2023). Education curriculum assessment for teaching electrocardiography: Rationale and design for the prospective, international, randomized controlled EDUCATE trial. Journal of Electrocardiology, 80: 166-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2023.07.005
Lee MC, Wang LH, Lin TC, Chang YT, Cheng FC, Chiang CP. (2022). The impact of integrating oral health education into a human physiology curriculum for students of early childhood education. Journal of Dental Sciences, 17(3): 1329-1334. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.04.012
Mantegh A, Machinchi AA, Ranjbar M. (2023). Presenting the quality model of the curriculum in the secondary (first) course of Shiraz with emphasis on the virtual approach. Iranian Journal of Educational Society, 9(1): 191-204. (In Persian) doi: 10.22034/ijes.2021.541983.1184
McDuffie AR, Choppin J, Drake C, Davis J. (2018). Middle school mathematics teachers’ orientations and noticing of features of mathematics curriculum materials. International Journal of Educational Research, 92: 173-187. doi: 10.1016/j.ijer.2018.09.019
Meshkin Fam M, Khosravi Babadi AA, Abbasi Sarook L, Pooshaneh K. (2023). Identifying the elements of the curriculum of multi-grade classes in elementary school. Islamic Life Style, 7: 126-138. (In Persian)
Parmuz M, Saber Garakani A, Hanifi F. (2023). Investigating the status of evaluation components of curriculum quality in the elementary schools of Tehran city. Iranian Journal of Educational Society, 9(1): 231-242. (In Persian) doi: 10.22034/ijes.2021.541983.1184
Schauer MM. (2018). “Vygotsky for the Hood”: Connecting teacher prior life experiences and university teacher preparation curriculums for service in urban schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 74: 1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2018.04.009
Smania MA, Annis A, Pathak D, Wasilevich E, Poindexter K. (2022). Faculty education to improve integration of genomics education in nursing curriculum. Journal of Professional Nursing, 43: 74-82. doi: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.09.004
Soltaninezhad N. (2022). Praised and reprehensible curriculum from the view of Islamic pedagogy with an emphasis on educational ideas of Ayatollah Javadi Amoli. Research Quarterly of Islamic Education and Training, 2(4): 69-86. [Persian] doi: 10.22034/riet.2022.11913.1127
Rostamaneh Najafabadi N, Fadavi MS, Shah Talebi B. (2022). Developing of value-based leadership pattern based on the fundamental transformation document and national curriculum document in Iranian education. Iranian Journal of Educational Society, 8(1): 166-177. (In Persian) doi: 10.22034/ijes.2021.540897.1176
Taghizadeh M, Nistani MR, Sharifian F. (2022). Elements and components of practice -based curriculum model in higher education (case study of educational sciences). Journal of Theory & Practice in Curriculum, 10(19): 119-162. (In Persian)
Yousefinejad Langroudi Z, Ahmadi P, Samadi P. (2022). Analysis of teachers' experiences of the implemented sixth-grade elementary social studies curriculum in the field of citizenship education. Research in Curriculum Planning, 19(2): 59-80. (In Persian) doi: 10.30486/jsre.2022.1916936.1804.