دو فصلنامه علمی جامعه شناسی آموزش و پرورش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کمی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی پسادکتری، گروه مدیریت، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، دهاقان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت، واحد دهاقان، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، دهاقان، ایران

10.22034/ijes.2023.1989737.1388

چکیده

هدف: با توجه به اهمیت کارآفرینی در عصر متاورس به‌ویژه با رویکرد آینده پژوهی، پژوهش حاضر با هدف استقرار الگوی کارآفرینی با رویکرد آینده پژوهی در عصر متاورس در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان حوزه فناوری اطلاعات انجام شد.
روش شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر روش اجرا آمیخته (کیفی-کمّی) بود. جامعه پژوهش در بخش کیفی اعضای هیأت‌علمی دانشگاه‌ها و مدیران شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان حوزه فناوری اطلاعات بودند که طبق اصل اشباع نظری 17 نفر از آنها با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. جامعه پژوهش در بخش کمّی کارکنان و مدیران شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان حوزه فناوری اطلاعات در 29 کلان شهر کشور ایران به تعداد 45331 نفر بودند که طبق فرمول کوکران حجم نمونه 184 نفر محاسبه و با توجه به ریزش‌های احتمالی 200 نفر از آنها با روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس به‌عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش در بخش‌های کیفی و کمّی به‌ترتیب مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته و پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته (51 گویه‌ای) بودند که روایی مصاحبه‌ها با روش مثلث‌سازی تایید و پایایی آن با روش ضریب توافق بین دو کدگذار 88/0 محاسبه شد و روایی صوری پرسشنامه با نظر خبرگان تایید و پایایی آن با روش آلفای کرونباخ 92/0 محاسبه شد. داده‌های بخش کیفی با روش کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی بر اساس نظریه داده‌بنیاد در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA-2018 و داده‌های بخش کمّی با روش‌های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و مدل‌یابی معادلات ساختاری در نرم‌افزارهای SPSS-23 و SMART PLS-4 تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های بخش کیفی نشان داد که استقرار الگوی کارآفرینی با رویکرد آینده پژوهی در عصر متاورس در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان حوزه فناوری اطلاعات دارای 293 مفهوم، 47 مقوله فرعی و 17 مقوله اصلی در 6 بعد بود؛ به‌طوری که بعد شرایط علّی شامل 11 مقوله فرعی در 4 مقوله اصلی تعادل میان اکتشاف فرصت و ایجاد مزیت رقابتی، توسعه نوآوری، چشم‌انداز رشد و بهره‌مندی از رویکردهای علمی و استراتژیک، بعد شرایط زمینه‌ای شامل 6 مقوله فرعی در 2 مقوله اصلی رویکرد تنظیمی و رویکرد شناختی- هنجاری، بعد شرایط مداخله‌گر شامل 6 مقوله فرعی در 3 مقوله اصلی سیاست‌ها و برنامه‌ریزی‌های کلان کشور در مسائل اشتغال‌زایی و کارآفرینی در حوزه فناوری اطلاعات، تحرک انگیزشی مسائل مادی و معنوی و پویایی سازمان، بعد پدیده محوری شامل 5 مقوله فرعی در 2 مقوله اصلی ساختار سازمانی کارآفرینی و سیاست‌های سازمانی کارآفرینی، بعد راهبردها شامل 11 مقوله فرعی در 4 مقوله اصلی داشتن تفکر استراتژیک، اقدامات آینده‌نگر، بهبود فرآیندهای کاری و استفاده از آموزش و مدیریت دانش و بعد پیامدها شامل 8 مقوله فرعی در 2 مقوله اصلی رونق و شکوفایی اقتصاد و توسعه هدفمند جامعه بود. همچنین، یافته‌های بخش کمّی نشان داد که تعداد 32 پرسشنامه مفقوده وجود داشت و تحلیل‌های بخش کمّی برای 178 نفر انجام شد. بر اساس تحلیل‌ها همه ابعاد دارای بار عاملی و میانگین واریانس استخراج‌شده بالاتر از 50/0 و پایایی بالاتر از 70/0 بودند. افزون بر آن، استقرار الگوی کارآفرینی با رویکرد آینده پژوهی در عصر متاورس در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان حوزه فناوری اطلاعات دارای برازش قابل قبولی بود و در الگوی مذکور شرایط علّی بر پدیده محوری؛ پدیده محوری، شرایط زمینه‌ای و شرایط مداخله‌گر بر راهبردها و راهبردها بر پیامدها اثر مستقیم و معنادار داشت (001/0P<).
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر درباره استقرار الگوی کارآفرینی با رویکرد آینده پژوهی در عصر متاورس در شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان حوزه فناوری اطلاعات دارای تلویحات کاربردی بسیاری برای متخصصان و برنامه‌ریزان شرکت‌های دانش‌بنیان به‌ویژه در حوزه فناوری اطلاعات است و آنان بر اساس نتایج این پژوهش می‌توانند گام موثری در جهت اشتغال‌زایی و استقرار کارآفرینی در عصر متاورس بردارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Mixed Research of Establishing of an Entrepreneurial Model with a Future Research Approach in the Metaverse Era in Knowledge-Based Companies in the Field of Information Technology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Macan Aria Parsa 1
  • Mohammad Reza Dalvi Esfahan 2

1 Postdoctoral student, Department of Management, Dehaghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehaghan, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Management, Dehagan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Dehagan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Purpose: Considering the importance of entrepreneurship in the metaverse era, especially with a future research approach, the present research was conducted with the aim of establishing an entrepreneurial model with a future research approach in the metaverse era in knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology.
Methodology: The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The research population in the qualitative part was university faculty members and managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology, which number of 17 people of them according to the principle of theoretical saturation were selected as a sample by purposive sampling method. The research population in the quantitative part was the employees and managers of knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology in 29 major cities of Iran country with number of 45331 people, which according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was calculated 184 people, and considering the possible losses, 200 people of them were selected as a sample by available sampling method. The research tools in the qualitative and quantitative parts respectively were the semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire (51 items), which the validity of the interviews was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was calculated by the agreement coefficient method between two coders 0.88, and the face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the opinion of experts and its reliability was confirmed by the Cronbach's alpha method was calculated 0.92. The qualitative part data were analyzed with open, axial and selective coding method based on grounded theory in MAXQDA-2018 software and the quantitative part data were analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling methods in SPSS-23 and SMART PLS-4 software.
Findings: The findings of the qualitative part showed that the establishing an entrepreneurial model with a future research approach in the metaverse era in knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology had 293 concepts, 47 sub categories and 17 main categories in 6 dimensions; So that the causal conditions dimension were included 11 sub categories in the 4 main categories of balance between opportunity exploration and creating competitive advantage, innovation development, growth prospects and benefiting from scientific and strategic approaches, the background conditions dimension were included 6 sub categories in the 2 main categories of regulatory approach and cognitive-normative approach, the intervening conditions dimension were included 6 sub categories in the 3 main categories of country's macro policies and planning in the issues of employment creation and entrepreneurship in the field of information technology, motivational mobility of material and spiritual issues and organizational dynamics, the central phenomenon dimension were included 5 sub categories in the 2 main categories of organizational structure of entrepreneurship and organizational policies of entrepreneurship, the strategies dimension were included 11 sub categories in the 4 main categories of having strategic thinking, forward-looking actions, improving work processes and using of education and knowledge management and the consequences dimension were included 8 sub categories in the 2 main categories of prosperity and flourishing of economy and targeted community development. Also, the findings of the quantitative part showed that there were 32 missing questionnaires and the quantitative section analyzes were performed for 178 people. Based on the analysis, all the dimensions had a factor load and average variance extracted of higher than 0.50 and reliability of higher than 0.70. In addition to that, the establishing an entrepreneurial model with a future research approach in the metaverse era in knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology had an acceptable fit, and in the mentioned model, the causal conditions on central phenomenon; the central phenomenon, background conditions and intervening conditions on strategies and strategies on outcomes had a direct and significant effect (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the current research about the establishing an entrepreneurial model with a future research approach in the metaverse era in knowledge-based companies in the field of information technology have many practical implications for experts and planners of knowledge-based companies, especially in the field of information technology, and they based on the results of this research can take an effective step towards job creation and establishing an entrepreneurial in the metaverse era.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial
  • Future Research
  • Metaverse Era
  • Knowledge-based Companies
  • Information Technology
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