دو فصلنامه علمی جامعه شناسی آموزش و پرورش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کمی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت آموزشی، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه برنامه ریزی علوم اداری و مدیریت، واحد خدابنده، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، خدابنده، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران

10.22034/ijes.2023.2006293.1432

چکیده

هدف: هدف از پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی و اعتباریابی مولفه­های تبیین­کننده تکیه­گاه سازی در نظام آموزش متوسطه ایران بود.
روش شناسی: روش تحقیق کیفی – کمی بود، جامعه آماری بخش کیفی خبرگان و متخصصان حوزه یادگیری - یاددهی، روش­های تدریس و تکیه­گاه­سازی و اسناد مکتوب مرتبط با موضوع شامل مقالات و پژوهش­های علمی و کتب مرتبط تالیفی و در بخش کمی، معلمان دوره اول و دوم متوسطه کل کشور بود. در بخش کیفی با استفاده از روش نمونه­گیری گلوله برفی تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری با 13 خبره، مصاحبه عمیق انجام گرفته و با روش هدفمند برای اسناد، 18 سند (متن) مورد بررسی قرار گرفته و در بخش کمی، برای سنجش مدل، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته­ 134 گویه­ای طیف لیکرت با روش نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای نسبی چند مرحله­ای در بین 384 نفر، توزیع گردید. برای تعیین روایی و پایایی در مرحله کیفی از بررسی­های لازم شامل مقبولیت (بازنگری خبرگان) و قابلیت تائید(بازبینی مجدد خبرگان) و در مرحله کمی، روایی پرسشنامه­ها به سه روش صوری، محتوایی و سازه تأیید و پایایی هم به سه روش تعیین ضریب بارهای عاملی گویه­ها، آلفای کرونباخ مولفه­ها (بین 749/0 تا 864/0) و پایایی ترکیبی (بین 827/0 تا 916/0 ) تأیید شد. داده­های کیفی از طریق زمینه نظریه­ای و داده­های کمی با تکنیک مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری و آزمون­های تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی و تائیدی در نرم افزار Smart PLS و آزمون فریدمن در نرم افزار SPSS تحلیل گردید.
یافته ها: نتایج بخش کیفی حاکی از آن بوده که الگوی تکیه­گاه سازی در نظام آموزش متوسطه ایران شامل 10 مقوله (توسعه منابع انسانی و غیرانسانی، بهسازی و توسعه سیستم آموزشی، شیوه­های یاددهی – یادگیری، فرهنگ سازی و ارتباطات، قوانین و رفتارهای حمایتی، نظارت بر عملکرد، راهبردهای  مبتنی بر شناخت و فراشناخت، راهبردهای  مبتنی بر انگیزش، پیشرفت ذهنی و پیشرفت علمی)، 21 زیرمقوله (توسعه منابع انسانی، توانمندسازی دانش آموزان، توسعه امکانات سخت افزاری و نرم افزاری، تدریس مشارکتی و تعاملی، ساده سازی تکلیف، یادگیری مجازی، یاددهی مبتنی بر تئوری های علمی، فرهنگ سازی بین والدین و معلمان، ارتباطات موثر، رفتارهای حمایتی، راهبردها و دستورالعمل های درون و برون سازمانی، درگیری ذهنی و تحصیلی، ارزیابی مداوم، راهبردهای  فراشناختی، راهبردهای  شناختی، راهبردهای  شناختی و فراشناختی، راهبردهای  انگیزشی، بهزیستی روانی، به فعلیت رسیدن استعدادهای بالقوه، بهبود روند یادگیری و پیشرفت تحصیلی) و 134 نشانگر است که در قالب شرایط علی، زمینه­ای، مداخله­ای، راهبردها و پیامد در الگوی پارادایمی پژوهش جای گرفتند. نتایج بخش کمی نشان داد که تمامی مولفه­های مدل پژوهش، مورد تائید واقع شدند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: بر اساس داده­های بدست آمده و با استناد به نتایج حاصل از  پژوهش، پیشنهاداتی به شرح زیر ارائه می­گردد: - تقویت شرایط علی، - تقویت شرایط محیطی، تقویت شرایط مداخله­ای، تقویت راهبرد(راهکار).

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying and Validating the Explanatory Components of Support Building in Iran's Secondary Education System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Souri 1
  • Mohammad Mojtabizadeh 2
  • Rasoul Davoudi 3

1 PhD student in Educational Management, Department of Educational Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Planning Department of Administrative and Management Sciences, Khodabande Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khodabande, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Purpose: The purpose of the current research was to identify and validate the explanatory components of support in Iran's secondary education system.
Methodology: The research method was qualitative-quantitative, the statistical population of the qualitative section was experts and specialists in the field of learning-teaching, teaching methods and building support and written documents related to the subject, including articles and scientific researches and related books authored and in the quantitative part, the teachers of the first and second year of high school were all over the country. In the qualitative part, using the snowball sampling method until reaching theoretical saturation, an in-depth interview was conducted with 13 experts, and 18 documents (texts) were examined with a targeted method for documents, and in the quantitative part, to evaluate the model, a researcher-made questionnaire with 134 Likert scale items was distributed among 384 people with a multi-stage relative cluster sampling method. To determine the validity and reliability in the qualitative phase of the necessary checks including acceptability (review by experts) and verifiability (re-review by experts) and in the quantitative phase, the validity of the questionnaires was verified by three methods: formal, content and structural. The method of determining factor loadings of items, Cronbach's alpha of components (between 0.749 and 0.864) and composite reliability (between 0.827 and 0.916) were confirmed. Qualitative data were analyzed through theoretical background and quantitative data with structural equation modeling technique and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis tests in Smart PLS software and Friedman test in SPSS software.
Findings: The results of the qualitative part indicated that the pattern of support in Iran's secondary education system includes 10 categories (development of human and non-human resources, improvement and development of the educational system, teaching-learning methods, culture and communication, laws and supportive behaviors, performance monitoring, strategies based on cognition and metacognition, strategies based on motivation, mental progress and scientific progress), 21 subcategories (development of human resources, empowerment of students, development of hardware and software facilities, cooperative and interactive teaching , task simplification, virtual learning, teaching based on scientific theories, culture building between parents and teachers, effective communication, supportive behaviors, internal and external strategies and instructions, mental and academic engagement, continuous assessment, metacognitive strategies, cognitive strategies , cognitive and metacognitive strategies, motivational strategies, mental well-being, actualization of potential talents, improvement of learning process and academic progress) and 134 indicators that are in the form of causal, contextual, interventional conditions, strategies and consequences in the research paradigm model. took place The results of the quantitative part showed that all the components of the research model were confirmed.
Conclusion: Based on the obtained data and based on the results of the research, suggestions are presented as follows: - strengthening the causal conditions, - strengthening the environmental conditions, strengthening the intervention conditions, strengthening the strategy (solution).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Curriculum Model
  • Educational Support
  • High School Students
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