Social Sciences
Shima sadat Mostafaviipour; Seyed Hamid Sajjadi Hazaveh; Zahra Haji Anzehaei
Abstract
Purpose: The general purpose of the current research was to test the fan interaction model, fan identity and brand image of the selected teams of the Iranian Premier League (study: fans of Persepolis, Esteghlal, Tractorsazi and Sepahan).Methodology: The present research was descriptive of the correlation ...
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Purpose: The general purpose of the current research was to test the fan interaction model, fan identity and brand image of the selected teams of the Iranian Premier League (study: fans of Persepolis, Esteghlal, Tractorsazi and Sepahan).Methodology: The present research was descriptive of the correlation type and based on structural equation modeling with the partial least squares approach, and in terms of its purpose, it is considered a part of applied research. The current research community is the fans of Iran's premier football league. Meanwhile, four teams (Perspolis, Esteghlal, Tractorsazi and Sepahan) were selected as the top four teams of the 2019-20 league respectively. Due to the fact that the size of the statistical population is unlimited, stratified random sampling was used. In this research, the scale of fan interaction with the brand was used from the Desart questionnaire (2017), the brand image of Tim Bauer et al. (2008) and the team identity of Mile and Ashworth (1992). Structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach and Smart Pls version 3 software were used for data analysis.Findings: The results showed that fan interaction has a significant positive effect on the brand image and identity of team fans.Conclusion: Finally, the research model had a strong fit and can be used as an operational model in the Iranian Premier League to attract more football fans.
Manochehr Hoshiar; Seyed Hamid Sajjadi Hazaveh; Zahra Haji anzehaei
Abstract
Purpose: Leadership styles play an important role in the efficiency, performance and effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this research was determining the leadership style of sports managers in the education system based on the contingent factors of physical education teachers.Methodology: ...
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Purpose: Leadership styles play an important role in the efficiency, performance and effectiveness of the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this research was determining the leadership style of sports managers in the education system based on the contingent factors of physical education teachers.Methodology: The present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was correlation. The research population was the physical education teachers of the country in the 2018-19 academic years. The sample size based on the Krejcie and Morgan table was estimated to be 384 people, who this number were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools were leadership style questionnaire (Likert, 1961), researcher-made questionnaire of physical education teachers' contingency factors (with two dimensions of intra-organizational contingency factors and individual contingency factors), personality characteristics questionnaire (Costa and McCrae, 1992) as personality contingency factors and cultural variables questionnaire (Hofstede, 1994) as cultural-social contingency factors. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient multiple regression methods with enter model in SPSS software.Findings: The findings showed that only the contingent factors of avoiding uncertainty and patriarchy had the ability to predict the authoritative leadership style, only the contingent factors of extroversion, agreeableness, avoiding uncertainty and power distance had the ability to predict the benevolent leadership style, only the contingent factors of neuroticism, agreeableness, avoiding uncertainty and patriarchy had the ability to predict the consultative leadership style and only the contingent factors of agreeableness, willingness/motivation of work, capability/ability and work team had the ability to predict the participative leadership style (P<0.05) and other contingent factors did not have a significant role in predicting any of the leadership styles (P>0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the effective role of some contingent factors in predicting authoritative, benevolent, consultative and participative leadership styles, and experts can change leadership styles by adjusting these factors.
