Sociology of Education

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Journal Evaluation

Terms and conditions of submitting an article

Paper Preparation Guide

Journal Forms

The Effectiveness of Assertiveness Training Program on the Resilience and Clinical Symptoms of Students with Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Document Type : Research Article (Quantitative)

Authors

1 PhD student in Educational Psychology. Central Tehran Branch. Islamic Azad university. Tehran. Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Psychology Department. Central Tehran Branch. Islamic Azad university. Tehran. Iran.

10.22034/ijes.2022.553033.1304

Abstract

Purpose: Generalized anxiety disorder has many negative consequences, including reduced resilience. Therefore, the aim of this research was the effectiveness of assertiveness training program on the resilience and clinical symptoms of students with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.
Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was semi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was male students aged 16 to 18 in the second-high school of Karaj city in the 2019-20 academic years, which from them number of 50 people of them were selected by multi-stage random sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 25 including experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 60 minutes under the assertiveness training program and during this time the control group did not receive any training. The data were collected with the resilience scale (Connor and Davidson, 2003) and generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams and Lowe, 2006) and analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis in SPSS version 24 software.
Findings: The findings showed that the experimental and control groups have significantly different in terms of the variables of resilience and clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. In the other words, the assertiveness training program led to increase resilience (F-41.25, P<0.001) and reduce clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (F-28.34, P<0.001) in students.
Conclusion: The results indicated the effectiveness of the assertiveness training program on resilience and clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Therefore, counselors and therapists can use the assertiveness training program along with other training methods and programs to increase resilience and reduce the clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

Keywords

References
Abbasi M, Abdi M. (2018). The effects of group teaching of assertiveness on social skills and social anxiaty in male students . Iranian Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 5(1): 46-52. (In Persian)
Adams H, Blackburn S, Mantovani N. (2021). Psychological resilience for climate change transformation: relational, differentiated and situated perspectives. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 50: 303-309.
Agbakwuru C, Stella U. (2012). Effect of assertiveness training on resilience among early-adolescents, 8(10): 69-84.
Asch RH, Kachadourian L, Southwick SM, Esterlis I, Pietrzak RH. (2021). Psychological resilience to the challenges of physical aging in older U.S. veterans: Results from the 2019-2020 national health and resilience in veterans study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 29(12): 1280-1285.
Avsar F, Alkaya SA. (2017). The effectiveness of assertiveness training for school-aged children on bullying and assertiveness level. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 36: 186-190.
Buhk AH, Schadegg MJ, Dixon LJ, Tull MT. (2020). Investigating the role of negative and positive emotional avoidance in the relation between generalized anxiety disorder and depression symptom severity. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16: 103-108.
Connor KM, Davidson JRT. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 18: 76-82.
Forster B, Engel O, Erhard M, Bartels A. (2020). Short-term imepitoin treatment reduces stress level in dogs with generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Veterinary Behavior, 38: 67-73.
Fuller-Thomson E, Carrique L, MacNeil A. (2022). Generalized anxiety disorder among adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 299: 707-714.
Fuspita H, Susanti H, Putri DE. (2018). The influence of assertiveness training on depression level of high school students in Bengkulu, Indonesia. Enfermeria Clinica, 28(1): 300-303.
Goenka A, Yu SG, Chikkannaiah M, George MC, MacDonald S, Stolfi A, Kumar G. (2022). Generalized anxiety disorder: A predictor for poor responsiveness to Botulinum Toxin type a therapy for pediatric migraine. Pediatric Neurology, 130: 21-27.
Hou XL, Wang HZ, Guo C, Gaskin J, Rost DH, Wang JL. (2017). Psychological resilience can help combat the effect of stress on problematic social networking site usage. Personality and Individual Differences, 109: 61-66.
Jiang Y, Harrison SE, Li X. (2022). Resilience-based intervention to promote mental and behavioral health in children. Pediatric Clinics of North America, 69(4): 795-805.
Kong LN, Zhu WF, Hu P, Yao HY. (2021). Perceived social support, resilience and health self-efficacy among migrant older adults: A moderated mediation analysis. Geriatric Nursing, 42(6): 1577-1582.
Lee TY, Chang SC, Chu H, Yang CY, Ou KL, Chung MH, Chou KR. (2013). The effects of assertiveness training in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized, single-blind, controlled study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(11): 2549-2559.
Mohagheghi M, Pourmohamadreza-Tajrishi M, Shahshahanipour S, Movallali G, Vahedi M. (2022). The effectiveness of assertiveness training on anxiety symptoms in children with special learning disabilities of school age. Archives of Rehabilitation, 22(4): 408-429. (In Persian)
Mohammadi M, Farid A, Habibi Kalybar R, Mesrabadi J. (2021). The effectiveness of assertiveness training on social adjustment and academic resiliency of bullying victim students. Quarterly Journal of Educational Innovations, 20(4): 173-186. (In Persian)
Naeinian MR, Shaeiri MR, Sharifi M, Hadian M. (2011). To study reliability and validity for a brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7). Biannual Journal of Clinical Psychology & Personality, 9(1): 41-50. (In Persian)
Neissi A, Shehni Yeylagh M. (2001). The effects of assertive training on self-esteem, social anxiety and mental health in socially anxious high school students in Ahvaz. Psychological Achievements, 8(1): 11-30. (In Persian)
Omura M, Maguire J, Levett-Jones T, Stone TE. (2017). The effectiveness of assertiveness communication training programs for healthcare professionals and students: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 76: 120-128.
Penacoba C, Velasco L, Catala P, Gil-Almagro F, Garcia-Hedrera FJ, Carmona-Monge FJ. (2021). Resilience and anxiety among intensive care unit professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. BACN Nursing in Critical Care, 26(6): 501-509.
Poole JC, Dobson KS, Pusch D. (2017). Anxiety among adults with a history of childhood adversity: Psychological resilience moderates the indirect effect of emotion dysregulation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 217: 144-152.
Ramadhan I, Keliat BA, Wardani IY. (2019). Assertiveness training and family psychoeducational therapies on adolescent’s mental resilience in the prevention of drug use in boarding schools. Enfermeria Clinica, 29(2): 326-330.
Shohani F, Mihandoost Z, Mami S. (2022). The effect of assertiveness and stress management training on self-regulation and resilience building among adolescent female students. Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences, 9(2): 43-51.
Smeeth D, Beck S, Karam EG, Pluess M. (2021). The role of epigenetics in psychological resilience. The Lancet Psychiatry, 8(7): 620-629.
Sodikin MA, Keliat BA, Wardani IY. (2021). The effects of cognitive behaviour therapy and assertiveness training in chronic low self-esteem clients. Enfermeria Clinica, 31(2): 96-99.
Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10): 1092-1097.
Vander Meulen E, Vander Velden PG, Setti I, Van Veldhoven MJPM. (2018). Predictive value of psychological resilience for mental health disturbances: A three-wave prospective study among police officers. Psychiatry Research, 260: 486-494.
Wang W, Peng Z, Wang X, Wang P, Li Q, Wang G, et al. (2019). Disrupted interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity and structural connectivity in first-episode, treatment-naïve generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 251: 280-286.
Warland J, McKellar L, Diaz M. (2014). Assertiveness training for undergraduate midwifery students. Nurse Education in Practice, 14(6): 752-756.
Zarei S. (2019). The mediating role of self-differentiation in the relationship between resiliency and marital burnout in married women. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 6(2): 62-73. (In Persian)
Sociology of Education
Volume 9, Issue 1
April 2023
Pages 205-214
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 31 March 2022
  • Revise Date: 09 July 2022
  • Accept Date: 13 August 2022
Share
How to cite
Statistics