دو فصلنامه علمی جامعه شناسی آموزش و پرورش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کمی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه ریاضی و آمار، واحد زنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زنجان، ایران.

10.22034/ijes.2022.552062.1296

چکیده

هدف: نگرش‌های کارآفرینی در محتوای کتب‌درسی ابتدایی نقش مهمی در بهبود نگرش‌های کارآفرینانه دانش‌آموزان دارد. در نتیجه، هدف این پژوهش شناسایی چالش‌ها و شاخص‌های موثر در نگرش‌های کارآفرینی در محتوای کتب‌درسی ابتدایی بود.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نظر زمانی مقطعی، از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه اجرا پیمایشی از نوع تحلیلی بود. جامعه پژوهش همه معلمان ابتدایی شهر تکاب در سال تحصیلی 400-1399 به تعداد 362 نفر بودند که بر اساس فرمول کوکران تعداد 127 نفر از آنها با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای بر اساس جنسیت انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته چالش‌ها و شاخص‌های موثر در نگرش‌های کارآفرینی در محتوای کتب‌درسی ابتدایی بود که روایی آن با نظر خبرگان دانشگاهی تایید و پایایی آن با روش آلفای کرونباخ برای چالش‌های موثر در نگرش‌های کارآفرینی 83/0 و برای شاخص‌های موثر در نگرش‌های کارآفرینی 92/0 بدست آمد. داده‌ها با روش تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی در نرم‌افزار SPSS نسخه 24 تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌ها نشان داد که چالش‌های موثر در نگرش‌های کارآفرینی در محتوای کتب‌درسی ابتدایی شامل هشت عامل بی‌توجهی به کارآفرینی، تئوری‌پردازی مفاهیم، عدم آموزش، اختیاری‌کردن فعالیت‌ها، کمبود فضا و بستر آموزشی، عدم حمایت مسئولین، عدم ارزشیابی و عدم مهارت معلمان بود و این عوامل توانستند 54/90 درصد از واریانس چالش‌های موثر در نگرش‌های کارآفرینی را تبیین کنند. همچنین، شاخص‌های موثر در نگرش‌های کارآفرینی در محتوای کتب‌درسی ابتدایی شامل هفت عامل خودکارآمدی، مشارکت و تعامل، استعدادیابی، عملیاتی‌سازی و کسب مهارت، بسترسازی و ایجاد فرصت، میل و اعتماد به موفقیت و انعطاف‌پذیری مسئولین بود و این عوامل توانستند 20/93 درصد از واریانس شاخص‌های موثر در نگرش‌های کارآفرینی را تبیین کنند.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان‌دهنده هشت چالش موثر و هفت شاخص موثر در نگرش‌های کارآفرینانه در محتوای کتب‌درسی ابتدایی بود. بنابراین، متخصصان و برنامه‌ریزان درسی با توجه به آنها می‌توانند گام موثری در جهت بهبود نگرش‌های کارآفرینانه در محتوای کتب‌درسی بردارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the Effective Challenges and Indicators in Entrepreneurial Attitudes in the Contents of Elementary Textbooks

نویسندگان [English]

  • Chamran Ghanbaru 1
  • Manijeh Zakariaei 2
  • Javad Naseriyan 3

1 PhD student, Department of Educational Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran (corresponding author).

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Purpose: Entrepreneurial attitudes in the contents of elementary textbooks play an important role in improving students' entrepreneurial attitudes. As a result, the aim of this research was identifying the effective challenges and indicators in entrepreneurial attitudes in the contents of elementary textbooks.
Methodology: The present research in terms of time was cross-sectional, in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was survey from type of analytical. The research population was all primary school teachers in Takab city in the academic years of 2020-21 with number 362 people, which number of 127 people of them based on Cochran's formula were selected by stratified random sampling method based on gender. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire of effective challenges and indicators in entrepreneurial attitudes in the contents of elementary textbooks whose validity was confirmed by academic experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method for effective challenges in entrepreneurial attitudes was obtained 0.83 and for effective indicators in entrepreneurial attitudes was obtained 0.92. Data were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software version 24.
Findings: Findings showed that the effective challenges in entrepreneurial attitudes in the contents of elementary textbooks included eight factors of inattention to entrepreneurship, theorizing of concepts, lack of education, voluntary activities, lack of educational space and context, lack of support of officials, lack of evaluation and teacher skills and these factors could explain 90.54% of the variance of the effective challenges in entrepreneurial attitudes. Also, the effective indicators in entrepreneurial attitudes in the contents of elementary textbooks included seven factors of self-efficacy, participation and interaction, talent identification, operationalization and acquisition of skills, bedding and creating opportunities, desire and confidence to success and flexibility of officials and these factors could explain 93.20% of the variance of the effective indicators in entrepreneurial attitudes.
Conclusion: The results showed eight effective challenges and seven effective indicators in entrepreneurial attitudes in the contents of elementary textbooks. Therefore, the curriculum experts and planners according to them can take an effective step to improve entrepreneurial attitudes in the contents of textbooks.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Challenges
  • Indicators
  • Entrepreneurial Attitudes
  • Contents of Textbooks
        
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