دو فصلنامه علمی جامعه شناسی آموزش و پرورش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کمی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکترای، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران

چکیده

هدف: هدف این پژوهش بررسی الگوی عوامل موثر بر رشد اخلاقی و تعیین وضعیت آنها در دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدایی بود.
روش‌ شناسی: این مطالعه از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه اجرا آمیخته (کیفی و کمی) بود. جامعه پژوهش در بخش کیفی خبرگان رشد اخلاقی بودند که با توجه به اصل اشباع نظری تعداد 12 نفر از آنها با روش‌های نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند. جامعه پژوهش در بخش کمی دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدایی شهر تهران در سال تحصیلی 99-1398 بودند که طبق فرمول کوکران تعداد 377 نفر آنها با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها با روش‌های مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته و پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته جمع‌آوری و با روش‌های کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی و آزمون تی تک نمونه‌ای در نرم‌افزار SPSS-21 تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: یافته‌های بخش کیفی نشان داد که عوامل موثر بر رشد اخلاقی دارای 88 مفهوم، 20 عامل و 6 مقوله بود که مقوله‌ها و عامل‌ها شامل محیط زندگی و نحوه تربیت (با سه عامل نقش محیط خانواده در رشد اخلاقی، نقش محیط آموزشی در رشد اخلاقی و نقش گروه همسالان در رشد اخلاقی)، استدلال‌های اخلاقی (با سه عامل استدلال‌های شناختی، استدلال‌های عاطفی و استدلال‌های روانی- حرکتی)، فضای حمایتی (با سه عامل برخورداری خانواده و مربیان از دانش علمی، استفاده از مشوق‌ها و توجه به مسائل معنوی)، آسیب‌های روانی، اجتماعی و آموزشی (با چهار عامل آسیب‌های ناشی از ویژگی‌های شخصیتی و روانی، آسیب‌های ناشی از استفاده غیرصحیح از رسانه‌ها، آسیب‌های ناشی از مشکلات خانوادگی و آسیب‌های ناشی از کارکردهای آموزشی)، ایجاد شناخت (با سه عامل مسئولیت‌پذیری، توانمندسازی و الگوپذیری) و فضائل اخلاقی (با چهار عامل نوع‌دوستی، کرامت انسانی، قانون‌مداری و توان تصمیم‌گیری) بودند. یافته‌های بخش کمی نشان داد که بین میانگین همه عوامل با میانگین جامعه تفاوت معناداری وجود داشت (05/0>P).
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش حاضر برنامه‌ریزی برای بهبود رشد اخلاقی دانش‌آموزان ضروری است. بنابراین، متخصصان و برنامه‌ریزان حوزه تعلیم‌وتربیت می‌توانند با توجه به مقوله‌ها و عامل‌های این پژوهش برنامه‌هایی جهت بهبود رشد اخلاقی دانش‌آموزان دوره ابتدایی طراحی و اجرا کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Status of Factors Affecting the Moral Development of Elementary School Students in Tehran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Amini 1
  • Fariba Hanifi 2

1 PhD student, Department of Educational Management, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Educational Management, Roodehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roodehen, Iran

چکیده [English]

Purpose: The aim of this research was investigate the pattern of effective factors on ethical growth and determine their status in elementary period students.
Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The study population in the qualitative section was ethical growth experts who according to the principle of theoretical saturation number of 12 people of them were selected by purposive and snowball sampling methods. The study population in the quantitative section was an elementary period students of Tehran city in the academic years of 2019-2020 who according to Cochran's formula number of 377 people of them were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire methods and analyzed by open, axial and selective coding and one-sample t-test methods in SPSS-21 software.
Findings: The findings of the qualitative section showed that the effective factors on ethical growth had 88 concepts, 20 factors and 6 categories which categories and factors were included of living environment and upbringing (with three factors of role of family environment in ethical growth, role of educational environment in ethical growth and role of peer group in ethical growth), ethical reasoning (with three factors of cognitive reasoning, emotional reasoning and psycho-motor reasoning), supportive environment (with three factors of family and educators have scientific knowledge, use of incentives and attention to spiritual issues), psychological, social and educational injuries (with four factors of injuries due to personality and mental characteristics, injuries due to improper use of media, injuries due of family problems and injuries due of educational functions), create of cognition (with three factors of responsibility, empowerment and modeling) and ethical virtues (with four factors of altruism, human dignity, rule of law and decision-making power). The findings of the quantitative section showed that there were a significant difference between the mean of all factors with the mean of society (p < 0.05.
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, planning is necessary to improve the ethical growth of students. Therefore, specialists and planners in the field of education can design and implement programs according to the categories and factors of this research to improve the ethical growth of elementary period students.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ethical growth
  • students
  • altruism
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