Psychology
Mahsa Tajali; Ahmad Basabri; Hassan Asadzadeh
Abstract
Purpose: There are many intervention methods to improve children's psychological characteristics, which in this study attempt to compare the two methods of play therapy and problem solving training. As a result, the aim of this study was to comparing the effectiveness of play therapy and problem solving ...
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Purpose: There are many intervention methods to improve children's psychological characteristics, which in this study attempt to compare the two methods of play therapy and problem solving training. As a result, the aim of this study was to comparing the effectiveness of play therapy and problem solving training on responsibility, distress tolerance and adjustment of 5-7-year-old children.Methodology: This study was a semi-experimental with a pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The research population was 5-7-year-old children who referred to counseling and psychological services centers and clinics of Tehran city in 2021 year. Among the members of the population, 45 people were selected by available sampling method and replaced by simple random with the help of lottery in three equal groups including play therapy, problem solving training and control groups. The first experimental group trained 10 sessions with the play therapy method and the second experimental group trained 10 sessions with the problem solving training method and the control group during this period did not receive any training. The data were collected with the California responsibility inventory (Gough, 1951), distress tolerance scale (Simons and Gaher, 2005) and adjustment scale (Matson et al, 1983) and were analyzed with the methods of analysis variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software.Findings: The findings showed that both methods of play therapy and problem solving training in compared to the control group improved responsibility, distress tolerance and adjustment of 5-7-year-old children and the results remained in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the two methods of play therapy and problem solving training in improving responsibility, distress tolerance and adjustment of 5-7-year-old children in the posttest and follow-up phases (P>0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the effectiveness of both methods of play therapy and problem solving training on improving responsibility, distress tolerance and adjustment of 5-7-year-old children. Therefore, therapists, psychologists and counselors along with other treatment methods can use both methods of play therapy and problem solving training for their interventions.
Mansoureh Sharifi Nevisi; Amir Masoud Amir Mazaheri; Zahra Hazrati Someeh
Abstract
Purpose: The main purpose of the research is to identify and prioritize individual, social, environmental and cultural characteristics affecting the condition of children in orphanages covered by Tehran's welfare after the age of 18.Methodology: The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and ...
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Purpose: The main purpose of the research is to identify and prioritize individual, social, environmental and cultural characteristics affecting the condition of children in orphanages covered by Tehran's welfare after the age of 18.Methodology: The research method is applied in terms of purpose, and mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of data type. The statistical population includes elites with doctorate degrees and university faculty members with at least 5 years of experience in the welfare organization and with research degrees and participation in related seminars. The sample size was 10 experts who were selected with a purposeful method and according to the principle of theoretical saturation. The data collection tool is semi-structured interview and paired comparison questionnaire. Theoretical coding method (open, central and selective) and fuzzy AHP technique were used to analyze the data.Findings: After open and axial coding, it was determined that several components were obtained for individual, social, environmental and cultural characteristics affecting the condition of children in orphanages covered by Tehran's welfare after the age of 18, and these dimensions are: Environment includes supporting measures and environmental substrates. In the individual dimension, it includes components 1- intelligence 2- individual talents 3- physical condition 4- mental condition. In the social dimension, it includes: 1- Social responsibility 2- Religious norms 3- The vicious cycle of socialization. The cultural dimension includes components 1- accepted cultural norms and 2- lack of culture.Conclusion: Based on the fuzzy AHP technique, the influence of the individual dimension is the first degree of importance, the cultural dimension is the second degree, the environmental dimension is the third degree and the social dimension is the fourth degree.
