Psychology
Farshad Ferdosi; Najmeh Vakili
Abstract
Purpose: Absolutism is rooted in naturalistic thinking and absolutists believe that certain principles and concepts are fixed in different cultures. The self-esteem and differentiation can impact on the beliefs of absolutism in order to educational cultural pathology of adolescents, therefore, the present ...
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Purpose: Absolutism is rooted in naturalistic thinking and absolutists believe that certain principles and concepts are fixed in different cultures. The self-esteem and differentiation can impact on the beliefs of absolutism in order to educational cultural pathology of adolescents, therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of modeling self-esteem and differentiation with the mediation of responsibility on absolutism in order to educational cultural pathology of adolescents.Methodology: The current research was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was secondary high school students of Tehran, which 385 people of them were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools were researcher-made questionnaires of self-esteem, differentiation, responsibility and absolutism, which their face validity was confirmed by experts' opinion and their reliability was obtained above 0.80 by Cronbach's alpha method. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling in SPSS and AMOS software.Findings: The findings showed that the model of self-esteem and differentiation with the mediation of responsibility on absolutism had a good fit. In the mentioned model, self-esteem and differentiation had a direct and significant effect on responsibility, self-esteem, differentiation and responsibility had a direct and significant effect on absolutism, and self-esteem and differentiation with the mediation of responsibility had an indirect and significant effect on absolutism (P<0.05).Conclusion: The results indicated the effective role of self-esteem and differentiation with the mediation of responsibility on absolutism. Therefore, planners and specialists of adolescent educational cultural activities in order to reduce absolutism can seek to design and implement programs to improve self-esteem, differentiation and responsibility.
Psychology
Mahsa Tajali; Ahmad Basabri; Hassan Asadzadeh
Abstract
Purpose: There are many intervention methods to improve children's psychological characteristics, which in this study attempt to compare the two methods of play therapy and problem solving training. As a result, the aim of this study was to comparing the effectiveness of play therapy and problem solving ...
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Purpose: There are many intervention methods to improve children's psychological characteristics, which in this study attempt to compare the two methods of play therapy and problem solving training. As a result, the aim of this study was to comparing the effectiveness of play therapy and problem solving training on responsibility, distress tolerance and adjustment of 5-7-year-old children.Methodology: This study was a semi-experimental with a pretest, posttest and two-month follow-up design with experimental and control groups. The research population was 5-7-year-old children who referred to counseling and psychological services centers and clinics of Tehran city in 2021 year. Among the members of the population, 45 people were selected by available sampling method and replaced by simple random with the help of lottery in three equal groups including play therapy, problem solving training and control groups. The first experimental group trained 10 sessions with the play therapy method and the second experimental group trained 10 sessions with the problem solving training method and the control group during this period did not receive any training. The data were collected with the California responsibility inventory (Gough, 1951), distress tolerance scale (Simons and Gaher, 2005) and adjustment scale (Matson et al, 1983) and were analyzed with the methods of analysis variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software.Findings: The findings showed that both methods of play therapy and problem solving training in compared to the control group improved responsibility, distress tolerance and adjustment of 5-7-year-old children and the results remained in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the two methods of play therapy and problem solving training in improving responsibility, distress tolerance and adjustment of 5-7-year-old children in the posttest and follow-up phases (P>0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study indicated the effectiveness of both methods of play therapy and problem solving training on improving responsibility, distress tolerance and adjustment of 5-7-year-old children. Therefore, therapists, psychologists and counselors along with other treatment methods can use both methods of play therapy and problem solving training for their interventions.
Psychology
Khadijeh Iravan; Leila Iravani; Masouma Moghimi Firozabad
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training on the quality of life and responsibility in students of District 2 of Tehran.Methodology: The current research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The studied population ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of problem solving training on the quality of life and responsibility in students of District 2 of Tehran.Methodology: The current research was semi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The studied population included the students of the 2nd education district of the 2nd district in the academic year 97-98. From the target population, 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling according to the entry and exit criteria and placed in two experimental groups (20 people and control (20 people)) Both groups were implemented. Then the experimental groups were given problem-solving training for ten sessions. During this period, no intervention was done on the control group, and finally, the post-test was taken from the experimental and control groups.Findings: The results of data analysis using the multivariate covariance method showed that the quality of life and responsibility of girls in the experimental group increased significantly after training compared to the control group.Conclusion: Therefore, problem solving training has been effective in increasing the quality of life and responsibility.
Sara Ziafar; Fatemeh Alijani
Abstract
Purpose: The Purpose of the present study was to investigate the prediction of Internet addiction in adolescents in Qazvin based on responsibility and defensive styles.Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied data collection method and quantitative data type ...
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Purpose: The Purpose of the present study was to investigate the prediction of Internet addiction in adolescents in Qazvin based on responsibility and defensive styles.Methodology: The research method was descriptive-correlational in terms of applied data collection method and quantitative data type in terms of data type. The statistical population of all high school students in Qazvin was in the academic year of 2019-20. Using the stepwise cluster sampling method, 325 people were selected as the sample size. Internet addiction questionnaires (Yang, 1996), Responsibility (California, 1948) and Defense Styles (Anders et al, 1993) were used to measure the variables studied. The analysis of the information obtained from the implementation of the questionnaires was performed through SPSS20 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (Pearson correlation, step-by-step regression).Findings: The results showed that responsibility is negatively associated with Internet addiction. Growing defense mechanisms are negatively associated with Internet addiction and have a positive relationship with underdeveloped and psychotic defense mechanisms. Also, the results of step-by-step regression analysis showed that responsibility along with developed defense mechanisms and psychologically impaired defense mechanisms can explain 10% of Internet addiction variance.Conclusion: Addiction is associated with the influence of conscientious personality and developed defensive styles and disorders I and II, and people with conscientious personality with less developed defensive styles are less addicted to the Internet.
